The central activity of the E.G.C. is the celebration of the Gnostic Mass, as set forth in Liber XV, composed by Crowley for O.T.O. and E.G.C. in 1913. Lay membership in E.G.C. is available through baptism and confirmation. Members of O.T.O. in good standing are eligible for clerical ordination in E.G.C. Members of II° and higher (or even I°, in some situations) are eligible for ordination as Deacon, and those who have reached K.E.W. are eligible for ordination as Priest or Priestess. AMeTh Lodge celebrates the Gnostic Mass on a regular basis. These are open to all Lodge members. Several times throughout the year, the Lodge holds Invitational Gnostic Masses to which non-Lodge members and members of the public may be invited. If you are interested, please contact the Lodge (see contacts page).
History of E.G.C.
The Gnostic Catholic Church was founded in 1907 e.v. by Jean Bricaud, Gérard
Encausse and Louis-Sophrone Fugairon; the latter two having been bishops of
Jules Doinel's Gnostic Church (1890) before Doinel's abdication as Patriarch.
In 1908 e.v., Theodor Reuss appears to have received episcopal consecration
and primatial authority in the Gnostic Catholic Church from Encausse, Bricaud
and Fugairon in gratitude for his issuance to Encausse of a patent for the Masonic
Rites of Memphis and Mizraim. The same year, Encausse, Bricaud and Fugairon
changed the name of their church to the Universal Gnostic Church, leaving Reuss
exclusive authority in the Gnostic Catholic Church. As with all his other affiliations,
Reuss incorporated the Gnostic Catholic Church into the system of O.T.O.
The name "Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica" was coined by Aleister Crowley when he wrote the Gnostic Mass for O.T.O. in 1913 e.v. Reuss translated the Gnostic Mass into German and published it in 1918 e.v., adopting it as an official rite of the Gnostic Catholic Church; and proclaiming himself "Sovereign Patriarch and Primate of the Gnostic Catholic Church," as well as Gnostic Legate to Switzerland for Bricaud's Universal Gnostic Church. Reuss's publication of the Gnostic Mass constituted the formal acceptance of the Law of Thelema by the Gnostic Catholic Church, and its formal declaration of independence from Bricaud's Universal Gnostic Church.
Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica is an inseparable part of Ordo Templi Orientis; and the Gnostic Mass is one of the official rituals, more specifically the central ritual, of Ordo Templi Orientis.
While E.G.C. traces its historic origins to the French Gnostic revival of the turn of the century, which was a movement within Christianity, it has since accepted the Law of Thelema. It has declared itself independent from the Christian Universal Gnostic Church and its successors, and is no longer considered to be a Christian Church. E.G.C. does not administer Christian Sacraments. Its ecclesiastical powers are founded on a spiritual succession from the Master Therion and the constituent originating assemblies of O.T.O., rather than on Christian Apostolic Succession.
The theology, doctrines and sacramental theory of E.G.C. are based on the principles of the Thelemic Religion. Its rites and ceremonies are eclectic in form (drawing upon the sacerdotal practices of a wide variety of cultures and historical religious systems), but are fundamentally Thelemic in character. The traditional doctrines, theology, canon law, and insignia of the Roman Catholic, Orthodox, and Jacobite Churches do not operate within E.G.C.
Membership in
E.G.C.
There are three recognized subclasses of Church membership, the Clergy (Clerical
membership), the Laity (Lay membership) and Bishops in Amity (Advisory membership).
The Clergy is composed of the Father (or Mother) of the Church (also known as
the Patriarch or Matriarch), the Primate, the Bishops, the Priests and Priestesses,
and the Deacons.
The Clergy: The
Patriarchate
The Father (or Mother) of the Church, also known as the Sovereign Patriarch
or Sovereign Matriarch, is the O.H.O. of O.T.O. All official rites and ceremonies
used within E.G.C. are subject to the approval of the Patriarch. The Patriarch
has the sole authority to suspend, revoke, and reinstate the recognition of
any person's clerical status as Bishop, Priest, Priestess or Deacon within E.G.C.,
and any person's Clerical or Advisory membership in E.G.C. The Patriarch has
the authority to approve texts to be used in celebrations of the Gnostic Mass
by Priests and Priestesses of E.G.C., modify the Gnostic Mass to suit special
functions and occasions, to set guidelines for its proper performance, and to
issue guidelines for the preparation of the eucharistic elements.
At this time, the Patriarch is Frater Superior Hymenaeus Beta, Caliph and Acting O.H.O. of O.T.O.
The Clergy: The
Primacy
The Primate, or Presiding Bishop, is the National Grand Master General X°.
The Primate shall in general supervise and control the affairs of E.G.C. within
the UK, subject to the ultimate authority of the Patriarch.
At this time, the Primate of E.G.C. within the UK is Hyperion X°, National Grand Master General of the UK Grand Lodge of O.T.O. Frater Superior Hymenaeus Beta has delegated, in full, his duties and authority within E.G.C. to Hyperion X° for exercise within the UK. The actions and decisions of the Primate are subject to modification or reversal by the Patriarch upon appeal by any Bishop within the UK.
The Clergy: The
Episcopate
Bishops have the power and authority within E.G.C. to celebrate the Gnostic
Mass; to ordain Priests, Priestesses and Deacons of E.G.C.; and to perform baptisms,
confirmations, marriages and last rites, in accordance with local laws.
Full Bishops within E.G.C. must be Sovereign Grand Inspectors General VII° of O.T.O. There are a number of Bishops of E.G.C. who were consecrated prior to the institution of this requirement, and who are not yet Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of O.T.O. Such Bishops are known as Auxiliary Bishops, and their authority is similar to that of E.G.C. Priests and Priestesses, along with any additional authority specifically given to them by the Patriarch or the Primate.
Bishops and Auxiliary Bishops of E.G.C. have the responsibility of serving as official representatives of E.G.C. within O.T.O. Any public celebration of the Gnostic Mass which involves the participation of a recognized Bishop or Auxiliary Bishop of E.G.C. as an officer is by definition an official O.T.O. event and is subject to all the policies of O.T.O. regarding official O.T.O. events.
The term "Bishop" does not carry the same meaning within E.G.C. as it does in Christian Churches or in the so-called "Wandering Bishops" tradition. Possession of a valid and documented Apostolic Succession does not make one a Bishop of E.G.C.; neither is a Christian Apostolic Succession necessary to the Bishops of E.G.C.
Gnostic Bishops of the Doinel Succession assume a Mystic Name prefaced by the Greek letter "T" or "Tau" upon their consecration. Bishops and Auxiliary Bishops of E.G.C. who wish to emphasize this part of their spiritual heritage may, at their option, follow this tradition. However, the Double Tau is reserved for use by the Patriarch and the Primate.
The Clergy: The
Priesthood
The Priesthood of E.G.C. includes both Priests and Priestesses. Priests and
Priestesses have the Sacerdotal power and authority to celebrate the Gnostic
Mass as representatives of E.G.C. within O.T.O. A Bishop may also delegate to
them the authority to ordain Deacons and perform baptisms, confirmations and
last rites; and, in certain cases, to perform weddings. Priests and Priestesses
are expected to coordinate their work with a Bishop.
Priests and Priestesses within E.G.C. must be Initiate members in good standing of at least the Knight of the East and West (KEW) degree. Their ordination must be reported to and recorded by the Grand Secretary General and the Ecclesiastical Secretary. They must be Lay members in E.G.C. prior to their ordination. The Primate may allow lay members to take on limited duties and authority of the Priesthood under the supervision of a Bishop.
Priests and Priestesses of E.G.C. have the responsibility of serving as official representatives of E.G.C. within O.T.O. Any public celebration of the Gnostic Mass which involves the participation of a recognized Priest or Priestess of E.G.C. as an officer is by definition an official O.T.O. event and is subject to all the policies of O.T.O. regarding official O.T.O. events.
The Clergy: The
Diaconate
The Deacons of E.G.C. are ordained assistants to the Priests and Priestesses.
Deacons within E.G.C. must be Initiate members in good standing of at least
Second Degree (First Degree with the permission of the Primate); and their ordination
must be recorded by the Grand Secretary General and the Ecclesiastical Secretary.
Prior to their ordination, they must have been accorded Lay membership in E.G.C.
At this time, Deacons have the power and authority only to assist recognized Priests and Priestesses of E.G.C. in the performance of their duties. They are not considered as official representatives of E.G.C.
The Novitiate
Initiate members of any degree who have been accorded Lay membership in E.G.C.
may undergo a period of Novitiate training under the supervision of a Bishop,
to prepare them for ordination as Priest, Priestess or Deacon. Such Initiate
members may participate in the celebration of the Gnostic Mass as Novice Priests,
Priestesses and Deacons.
Novice status is not formally recognized by the Order, and is not included in the Order's records.
The Laity
Lay Membership in E.G.C. is conferred by the ceremony of confirmation, which
must be preceded by the ceremony of baptism. Lay Membership conveys no authority
or special privileges within E.G.C. The Patriarch may, from time to time, modify
or waive the ceremonial requirements for Lay membership in E.G.C.
Baptism is open to any person at least 11 years old. Baptism does not confer Lay Membership. Confirmation is open to any person who has been baptized and who has attained the age of puberty. Baptism or confirmation for any person less than 18 years of age requires the prior written consent of the custodial parent(s) or legal guardian(s). Baptism and confirmation are public ceremonies.
Bishops in Amity
Bishops from affiliated or distant branches of the Gnostic Church with or without
an historical connection with O.T.O. may affiliate with O.T.O. upon mutual recognition.
Such Bishops shall affiliate as Advisory members of E.G.C., and shall be known
as "Bishops in Amity."
Advisory membership in E.G.C. confers no clerical authority within E.G.C.
The Gnostic Mass
Aleister Crowley wrote Liber XV in 1913 in Moscow, the year after his appointment
by Theodor Reuss as the X° Head of the British Section of O.T.O. According
to W. B. Crow in A History of Magic, Witchcraft and Occultism (Aquarian Press,
London 1968), Crowley wrote it "under the influence of the Liturgy of St.
Basil of the Russian Church." Crowley published the Gnostic Mass three
times during his life: in 1918 in The International, in 1919 in The Equinox,
Volume III, No. 1 (the "Blue Equinox"), and in 1929 in Appendix VI
of Magick in Theory and Practice. Theodor Reuss published a German variant in
1918. It was first publicly celebrated on Sunday, March 19, 1933 e.v. by Wilfred
T. Smith and Regina Kahl in Hollywood, California. Crowley writes in Chapter
73 of his Confessions:
"During this
period [The summer of 1913 e.v. - Ed.] the full interpretation of the central
mystery of freemasonry became clear in consciousness, and I expressed it in
dramatic form in `The Ship'. The lyrical climax is in some respects my supreme
achievement in invocation; in fact, the chorus beginning:
Thou who art I beyond all I am...
seemed to me worthy to be introduced as the anthem into the Ritual of the Gnostic
Catholic Church, which, later in the year, I prepared for the use of the O.T.O.,
the central ceremony of its public and private celebration, corresponding to
the Mass of the Roman Catholic Church.